Introduction to Voice and Data T1

Basically, T1 is a leased line used inHow do T1 lines work?
telecommunications. By "leased", it is meant thatT1 service is typically provided over a network of
the company using the T1 line is paying to rentcopper or fiber-optic cables. Every complete T1
the line, in essence reserving it for their ownline consists of 24 channels that transmit data,
bandwidth needs. This allows the user to maintainindependently, at 64Kbps. These complete T1 lines
a single open circuit at all times, as opposed toare referred to as "full T1," and provide a total of
traditional telephone services that use the same1.54 Mbps of data synchronously (both incoming
line for several connections through a processand outgoing).
referred to as "switching."If used for telephone lines, one full line will provide
The T1 line uses reserved circuits which operate24 separate phone lines. This is useful for
over copper or fiber-optic cables. These leasedbusinesses or call centers which receive many
lines guarantee the user necessary bandwidth fortelephone calls, as one full T1 line is much more
network traffic, making them ideal for businessescost-effective than paying for 24 separate phone
which may rely on these needs. T1 lines are alsolines.
commonly used by businesses and otherIt is also possible to lease a portion of T1 line,
organizations to connect geographically separatedcalled "fractional T1". These lines offer a lower
locations for private voice and data networking,data transfer rate at lower cost, and are
and are typically rented at a monthly or yearlycommonly used in hotels, apartment buildings, etc.
rate.to provide Internet access to residential
AT&T first introduced T1 technology in thecustomers. Since each T1 line contains 24
early 1960's, but it was not until the early 1990'schannels, it is possible to purchase any number of
that the market for T1 service becamethese channels. For example, 12 channels will
competitive enough to allow the service toprovide you with a 768Kbps connection (12
become affordable for normal consumer andchannels x 64 Kbps).
business use. Many top companies, such as IBM,The separate channels can also be allocated to
and even the United States Government haveprovide separate services. For example, a full T1
been using T1 for quite some time, due to itsline can be used to provide 12 separate phone
reliability and performance.lines, as well as 768Kbps of bandwidth.