Intelligent Building of the Theory of Building Automation System

HC Network Security  Building Automationthrough the analog input channels (AI) and digital
System, also known as building automationinput channels (DI) real-time data collection, and
system (BuildingAutomationSystem short BAS), isthen calculated according to certain rules, and
Intelligent Building Indispensable part of its missionfinally the control signals, and through the analog
is the building's energy use, environmental, trafficoutput channels (AO) and the switch output
and Security Facilities monitoring, control, etc., tochannel (DO ) direct control of the production
provide a safe, reliable, saves energy, but also aprocess. So DDC system is a closed-loop control
comfortable and pleasant working or livingsystem is a computer in the industrial production
environment.process, the most common way of an application.
2 building automation system components andDDC system control computer to undertake the
basic functionstask, which required real-time, high reliability and
Building automation system typically includesadaptability.
HVAC Drainage, power supply, lighting, elevators,3.1.1 Composition of direct digital control system
fire safety and prevention and other subsystems.Direct digital control system consists of the
According to China's industries Standard , BAS canprocess input channel, process control computer,
be divided into device management and controlthe process of output channels of three parts.
subsystem operation and fire prevention andProcess input channels from the analog input and
safety subsystems, as shown. Under normaldigital input of two parts. Analog input channels
circumstances, the two subsystems together intofrom the transmitter, the sampling switch,
the BAS should be considered, such as fire andamplifier, A / D converter and interface circuit.
safety precautions will be set up independentlyOne is the role of the transmitter signal will be
subsystem should also be established with theconverted into the standard non-power electrical
BAS control center Communicate Contact forsignals can be temperature, pressure, flow
disaster occurs, the right to operate in accordancetransformed into 0-10mA or 4-20mA DC signal, it
with the agreed transfer to achieve, for theis through A / D converter to achieve. ? Digital
integration of coordinated control.input channels from the switch contacts,
Building automation system's basic functions canphotoelectric coupler and interface circuit,
be summarized as follows:reflecting the production process on / off state
(1) automatically Monitoring And control of variousof the contact signal, through the optocoupler and
electrical and mechanical equipment, the stop,the interface circuit transformation into a digital
display or print the current operating state.signal sent to the computer.
(2) automatically Detect , Display, print a varietyDirect commitment to the process control
of electrical and mechanical equipment operatingcomputer operations and control tasks, first of all
parameters and changes in trends or historicalinput channels through the process of collecting
data.the parameters of the object and signals, then
(3) according to external conditions, environmentalthe scheduled control law (such as PID) for
factors, the change automatically adjust the loadoperation, and then send control signals to the
of equipment, so that is always running in topcontrolled object, and through the output channels
condition.such as direct control valve actuator.
(4) monitoring and timely processing of all accidentProcess output channel from the analog output
emergencies.and digital output of two parts. The former
(5) to achieve a variety of electrical andcontrol of the computer output of digital signals
mechanical equipment on building a unifiedinto analog voltage or current signals, through the
management, coordination and control.amplifier to drive control valve actuators to
(6) Energy Management: Water, electricity, gas,achieve control of the production process. This
etc. metering and charging, developing energypart of the interface circuit, D / A converter,
management automation.amplifier and actuator component. The latter
(7) Equipment Management: including device files,switches the computer output signal, by the
equipment operation and equipment maintenanceamplifier to drive solenoid valve and relay
management reports.actuator, which consists of interfaces electrical,
3 the principle of building automation controloptical coupler, amplifier and actuator component.
system3.1.2 direct digital control system the basic
Floor control system used in modern controlalgorithm
theory is based on Distributed Computer ControlIn accordance with the deviation ratio (P), integral
System, also known as distributed control system(I) and differential (D) control, a continuous
(Distributedcontrolsystems referred to as DCS). Itsystem technology is mature, the most widely
is characterized by a "centralized managementused as a basic rule, the discrete PID control law
decentralized control," that is charged withand on computer , can easily use the mature
distribution of equipment in the field office of thetechnology has been accumulated, and can be
micro-computer control (DDC) to complete devicecharged with the mathematical model or
charged with the task of real-time detection andparameter is not very clear circumstances, and
control, centralized control of computer toafter online tuning to achieve satisfactory results.
overcome the risks of high lack of centralizedTherefore, the law regulating discrete analog digital
control and conventional single instrumentPID algorithm, computer control of industrial
limitations. Installed at the central control room ofprocesses have been widely adopted system, a
the central management computer has a CRTDDC system, the basic algorithm.
display, print output, rich software managementDigital PID control algorithm, analog PID controller
and strong digital communications capabilities, ableformula for the ideal
to complete the concentration operation, display,Type of e (t)?? Deviation (set value and the
alarm, control and optimization tasks such asdifference between the actual output value)
printing, to avoid the spread of conventionalU (t)?? Control volume Kp?? Scaling factor Ti an
instrumentation control After the man-machineintegral time constant Td?? Differential time
contact difficulties, the shortcomings can not beconstant Written in the form of transfer function
unified management to ensure the equipmentIn order to implement on a computer, you must
running in top form.be a continuous form of differential equations into
Here are distributed control systems with severala discrete form of differential equations. Set for
concepts.the sampling period (compared with the system
3.l direct digital control system (DDC)time constant, T is small enough), k is sampling
Direct digital control system (DirectDigitalControlnumber (k = 0,1,2, ... ...
referred to as DDC) shown in Figure 2. Computer